GIS Defined
GIS stands for Geographic Information Systems. It is a collection of computer hardware, software and geographic details for collecting, storing, managing and analyzing data. GIS can show representations of the real world in colorful, digital maps and pictures on a computer screen.
Common Uses of GIS
GIS is used to show patterns and trends on the earth. GIS is used by:
- Estate agents to locate properties that match certain criteria
- The military to monitor troop movement
- Insurance companies to identify risk and properties at risk of flooding
- Forestry agencies to take inventory and manage resources
- Marketing experts to target customers
- Local governments to make funding and policy decisions
- Emergency workers to determine the quickest routes
- Police for crime mapping
GIS Mapping Using Satellites
Satellite imagery is one way to collect information for GIS mapping. This can be done by using a Global Positioning System (GPS) receiver, like the one found in a cell phone or car. A GPS receiver will locate three to four satellites orbiting the earth and determine how far away it is from each of the satellites. With this information, the receiver determines its location. Information on the location of streets and buildings, for example, can be digitized and incorporated into a GIS database to create digital maps.
Source: Decision Making In Geographic Information Systems